Online Fraud FAQ in the UAE

Online fraud in the United Arab Emirates is governed by Federal Decree-Law No. (34) of 2021 on Combatting Rumours and Cybercrimes .

This FAQ provides direct answers to common legal questions relating to online fraud in the UAE, including liability, investigation, prosecution, penalties, enforcement and disputes.

What is online fraud in the UAE?

Online fraud refers to deceptive conduct carried out through websites, digital platforms, electronic communications or information networks for the purpose of obtaining unlawful gain, financial benefit or other advantage through false representation, misleading conduct or fraudulent digital activity.

When does online fraud become a criminal offense?

Online fraud becomes a criminal offense when the conduct satisfies the legal elements under UAE cybercrime law, including deception, unlawful intent and use of electronic means to obtain benefit or cause harm.

Who can be held liable for online fraud?

Liability may arise against any individual involved in deceptive online conduct, fraudulent digital transactions, misleading communications or unlawful electronic activity recognised as an offense under UAE law.

How are online fraud cases investigated?

Online fraud cases are investigated by the competent authorities through examination of complaints, digital records, electronic communications, transaction details and other evidence relevant to the suspected fraudulent conduct.

How are online fraud cases prosecuted?

Prosecution begins when Public Prosecution determines that sufficient legal grounds exist to proceed, and the matter may then be referred to the competent UAE criminal court.

What penalties may apply to online fraud?

Penalties may include imprisonment, fines and other criminal consequences depending on the nature of the fraudulent conduct, the harm caused and the applicable provisions of UAE cybercrime law.

Can disputes arise in online fraud cases?

Yes. Disputes may arise regarding allegations, digital evidence, legal classification, procedural handling, liability findings or enforcement of judgments.

How are disputes in online fraud cases resolved?

Disputes are resolved before the competent UAE criminal courts through judicial examination of evidence, legal arguments and application of UAE cybercrime law and criminal procedure rules.